1
Easy2Siksha
GNDU  -2022
/ 5  
 
(        - I)
  : 3   :60
:     -     ,            
       
-
L           :
(a) 
() 
II (a)      '  
()      ?
-
III.         :
(a) 
()
IV. ()         ?
2
Easy2Siksha
()     ?
-
V.         
VL               ?
-
VII.   '   :
(a)    
()          
VIII.            ?
3
Easy2Siksha
GNDU  -2022
/ 5  
 
(        - I)
  : 3   :60
:     -     ,            
       
-
L           :
(a) 
() 
:   ?
 ,                 
          
   
        ,  ,        , 
         
  
 20 -              
 -                
  ,          ,  
         ,        
      :
1.  :               
  -   , ,      
  
4
Easy2Siksha
2.  :              -
 ,   ,   ,    
  ,
- -  (   )      
    
  
               
         :
1.      
                  
     ,  , ,        
     ,  
       
  
 ,           , 

 
2.  
      ,          
    ,  ,         
  ,             
    
3.  
       ,           
    ,    -      
                
   ,   
   -      

4.   
        ,     
 ,       
   ,     
             
   ,          
5.       
            ,
                
  
    ,      
  

5
Easy2Siksha
   ,         , , 
           '   
6.     
                 
      ,         
              ,    
    ,            
      
7.    
           ,     
         '           
           ,     
  
 
       ,      
     
  
       ,            
   :
1. - 
 (, , , ):           
     
 (, , ):       ,  -3 
       ,        
 
:               
    ,       
 
   (, , 
): ,      
   ,          
 
2. - 
  (,  , ):       ,  
      
       
,
             
 
6
Easy2Siksha
    (  ,   ,  ):    
     -       -
         '  
   (, ,  ): -      
      ,     
    
       
   (,  , ):       
 ,
          ,    
   
 (,  ,  ):    '    
     
 ,          
 
 ,         
     ?
 
     , ,   ,      
 '    ,       :
        0.8       
70     ,     56   
            1.2-2.0
 ,      
             
     
     
         ,         
              :
    : 
   ,        
     
  :         
  ,   
      
 ():              
  - ,         
  ,      :    ,  
             ,    , 
       
7
Easy2Siksha
     :       

  ,        
 

      
         :    
         ' ,   , 
          
      :         
,                
        -     
    :         
,              
 ,       
 
       :         
               
 
   
:- 
    ,      '
      ,        
 
          -   
       

  ,              
    ,      '  ,   
 ,      ,   '   
         
     ,    
         -      
    ,
            
      
8
Easy2Siksha
II (a)      '  
()      ?
:   
          ,  ,  ,  
                 
     :
1.   :
         , ,   
      ,    - 
     -    ,  ,   
        ,   
  ,          
2.      :
               
 ,      (     ),  
       ,       ,
       -   
3.   :
        -     
  
       ,  
   ,      , 
        ,   
   ,            

4.  :
    
;        

           ,
             ,      ,
      
   
             
        ,    ,     
          ,       
 
    
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Easy2Siksha
               
  
 ,               

    -    
,       ,
        
,     
 ,   ' -     
            ,  
       
        :
-   (, ,  -  ) 
 
  , 
          
 
          ,      
  
   '      ,    
,               ,
       
, 
      
    
           , 
  
              
-
III.         :
(a) 
()
:.         , -      
       '       , 
  :
1.     
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2.   
3.     
4.   
5.    
6.      
7.    
8.    
9.       
1.    
        '           99%
    ,  1%         
     ,    ,         

               ,
           ,     
   
2.   
a      
       -        
,          ,         '
            
 
.   
              
,        ,          
      ,        ,   
   
c.  
     -    
   
 
   ,          
    
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d.  
 
   ,          
    
       
.   
                
    ,       ાવ   
  ,           
f.  
              
         
 
3.     
a   
          , 
    
   ,     300     
.    
, ,              
     ,             
 ,          
c.  
   ,     , ,  -  (  , , 
  ),            
d.     
              
     ,        
  
 
.      
       -    ,  
  ,   '    -      
f.    
,                  (
23)  75     
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g   
    ,  ,          
    -  
4.   
    
,          :
:            
                 
 ,              
   
  :        ,   
       ,        
   :         ,  
          
          :    ,   

 
           
   :        ,     
       
5.      
   ,       -     
   :
1-3     : 500-600 /
4-8     : 800-1,000 /
9-18     : 1,300 / (    )
19-50     : 1,000 /
 51+   71+: 1,200 / (      )
      ,    '    
              
5.          
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a   
              
        
  ,       
 ,          
.  
   (         )   
                
c.    
        (    )   ( 
 )          
d. 
-     ,          
,   
           
.   
             ,    
         
7.     
a  
,    ,       ,   
                  
  ,      ,      
 
.   
          
      
   ,   '         
 
     
 ,         

c.      
          ,   '    ,  
      
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d.   
                    
           ,         
 
8.     
      ,        
 :
  : ,    ,       
  
 :             
  , , ,       
   :            ,  
'  ,         ,      
  
9.         
    -  :     (  
    )   -       
      
    :        
       
     : -        

           
    :  
   
    
   ,           
   

              
,                
         '       
      -  ,   -  
             
      ,         
            
 
 
15
Easy2Siksha
       
         
    
IV. ()         ?
()     ?
:   '              
               2000 
         ,       ,
     
(a)       
     
      ,  , 
       ,     
      
     ,           
:
1. -  
         , 
     '    ,
,  ,            
:      ,     -  
                , 
           , .
,       , ,    
      ,        
 
:               ,  
         '    
    ,      ,     
  
 
:    '  ,   ' ,    ', 
             -  ,
        (  )     
 
16
Easy2Siksha
 :          
  ,   ,        
  ,      ,         
     ,            
   
2.    
          ,  
  
:        ,     
       ,       
,              
     ,      ,      
  
 -  : ,     ,    
       ,         
      ,     ,      
  
pH  :     (pH)         
            pH 
,         
3.   
        
  :  ,        ,  
            
    ,            
    
:          
   
    (    )       

              
         
   :   (  , ,   )  
              
   ,           
  
            
  
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4.     
       ,      
 :        ,      
              -
   
:         ,     
         
: , ,   (  -  )      
   
()   
       ,        
             
                
  
 
             :
1. 
  : benzoate, benzoic 
:   '   ,  ,     
      
    : ,       , 
         ,  
       
2. 
  : ,  
:       ,  ,      
     
    : , ,        
           
 
3.     
  : ,  
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:     ' , ,       
     
    :       ,
   ,    '      
             
4.  
  : ,  
:     ,          
       
    :        
      ,        
      
5. Propionates
  : propionate,  propionate
:    '            
 
    :       ,
  '    
6. 
             ,  
  
  :  (BHA),  
(BHT),  ( )
:           ,  
, ,   ,   
    :     ,   ,
      
7. 
  : ,  ,  
:      pH      ,   
       
 
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    : pH  ,   ,     
      '   ,     
  ,              
 
8.  
  : , 
:   ,            
    
    :Parabens      
,      
9.  
  :  (EDTA)
:         ,   
    
    :           ,
              
 ,           
  
   
   :        '

 , - 
        
 ,
  -   -  
:          
          
  :  ,   ' ,    
               
 - :           
  ,          
    
             

,             ,     
'           
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-
V.         
:     ,        
        ,        
  -  
        
  
 
      
 ,     
      '     , ,   '  
  ,              

         ,         

    
      :
1.    :           
            ,   
        
2.     :       ,   
             
3.     :          
 
 ,          '     
 ,          
4.    :   ,        
 ,    50   75    ,     
        ,   3    1    
10         
 
,  , , ,         
   
    ,        
  
             

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Easy2Siksha
      :
1.   :         

   ,   , ,     
,     
 
2.        '   :   
   
;           
,  ,          
3.   :         ,  
          ,   
 '    
4.    '   :       
      ,       
    
 
  ,           , 
,       ,   
   , 
              
      
1.   :       (   
  ) 
 ,       ( , 
       ) 
 
2.   :    '      ,    
       
3.  :            
   ,            
   
4.        :       
 '   ,        
  '   ,   ,     
5. :     '   '    ,    , 
      
        
  -  ,            
      
    ,       
     ,              
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 ,         ,   
            
     .         - 
               ,   
                -
        
 
           
1. :           
   ,            
,      ,           
2. :       ,         ,
               
  '    
3.   :   ,    , ,     
   ,      ,    
         
4. :               
               
    
5.        :- ,   ,  
    '         
   ,  ,        

 ,       
 ,   
,            
              
              
                 
VI.              ?
:                 
   
 ,            
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Easy2Siksha
   ' -, , -,    
    
1. 
              
-            ,   , ,
  ,              
    ,            ,
         - ,       
      
2.  
         
 ,   '
, ,          ,   
  ,             ,
            
       
       
        
3. 
           ,    
  ,          
   
      ,          
 ,   
    
,  
                 , 
   ,      
4.  
   ,    ,     
   ,         ,  
           ,    
    ,           
                
      '    
5. 
        '        -
 '    -            
     ,        ,     ' 
                
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Easy2Siksha
        
      
   '    
6.         
              
 
  ,    ,          
    '       ,     
             ,    , 
                , 
 
   ,          
  (7.  
  -  ,    ,     ,     
 
           
     , ,         ,  
    ,           
  , ,            
     ,      
 
8.  - 
   -  (SES)         
  '             '
 ,                
      
   ,  SES    
         ,      ,   
,         
9.          
        
   -  ,
      ,    ,   
  ,     
  - 
    : -,    -   
             ,   
       ,        ' 
 
10.    
      -     ,  
       ,       
          ,  
          ,     
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Easy2Siksha
          ,       
-           
   

    , , ,  -   
              
,     ,  ,       
  
        ,  
 ,            
             
            ',    
   
-
VII.   '   :
(a)    
()          
:          
        ,     
        ,     
    
            
      -   ,    ,  
             
1.      
              , 
              ,   '
                  
          
,      
         
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        
?
   :        ,   '    
   (   )      
            

  :          
    
  ,           
  
2.       
            ,    
              
       :
        :      , 
              
     :  -         
 ,   ,           ,  
      
3.    ' 
               '
      , ,     ,     ,
               
     ,    ,      
      :
   :           
        ,       
      
 ,       
    
   :        
            ,   
       ,    
      
4.       
   -  ,          
          ,     , 
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       -           
           
          :
        :        
-  
    , "    

   
   ?"
       '   :        
  
,       -      
 
 
5.       
   
          
            ,  
          ,      
        ,     ,  
           
         :
   :    ,   -    
             
    
  :        
          
  ,
             

6.   
-    ,      ,    
          '          
              
  
      :
 :               
                 .
 :-      ,         
             
  
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7.   
      ,           ,  
 , ,      -     ,     
  ,       ,         
       
   :
   :  ,       
:, ,      
   :   ,     ,     
,       ,       ,    
               
      
 
8.    
               
   
   .     '     '    , 
   ,      
-
    ,       
     ,             

         :
         :      "    "
  ,             
     :          ,   
   
 
9.    
        ,            
       ,    
 ,      

               ,      
             
   
 ?
     :         
             
    
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   :       ,     ,
          
10. 
      ,   '         
  
    -    ,  ,    
                 
     
     :
         :      
   ,           
  
  :          
      
11.    
       ,        ,   
                 
                    
       
      :
   :        ,
  
,  
  
    : ,       
 '        

                
        ,        
           -    
,   ,   '  - 
    
             , ,   
          
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VIII.            ?
:              
              
               :
1. -  
1.1   
   :          
-            ,   
       
   :          
      ,         ,   '
      
1.2  
    :          
   ,          
   '        
-    :   (ASD)    
(SLI)         
2.     
2.1       
    :       
 
    ,    ,        
     
   :          
              
      
2.2  - 
   : -      , 
,               
  
    :        ' 
              
    
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2.3    
  :    '      
   -       ,     -
     ,        
  :-        -
              
'   
3.    
3.1   
    :    
    
             
     
   :       ,   
                
3.2   
   :         
      '         
          
   :        
         
 
4.   
4.1    
  :    ,      
,             
              
  :        '  

                 
,        
   
4.2     
- : -          
        -      
    
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   :          
             
         
5.   
5.1         
     :           
-            
      
  : -          
           
5.2     
      :        
      
 ,      
    :            
       
 
6.    
6.1     
   :            
          ,     
  
   :         
               
6.2    
   :             
               
 :             
    
 
7.   
7.1  
  :   ,   '    ,  
     ,   ,    
  ,  -         
33
Easy2Siksha
    :-        
               

 ,      -, , , , 
 , ,                
         ,      

               
    
:       Ai      ( )       
        , 
  '         